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Although invasive plants commonly compete with native plants for light and nutrients, they also may compete for pollinator services by attracting pollinators away from native flowers. On the other hand, a dense stand of flowering invasive plants may attract more pollinators to the area and, in the process, enhance pollination of neighboring natives. If insects are carrying a mixed pollen load when they visit native flowers, however, they may deposit pollen of other species, rather than the pollen necessary for native flower reproduction. Leafy spurge provides large amounts of nectar and pollen in easily accessed flowers (cyathia) over a 4to 6-week period in the spring, and sometimes for a shorter period in the fall at TRNP (Larson and others 2006). Its abundance is much greater than that of the native flowering plants in the vicinity of an infestation, which led us to ask if spurge had an effect on pollination of native plants. Specifically, we wondered (1) does visitation to native flowers by pollinator insects vary between infested and noninfested sites, (2) does the amount of

The Saga of Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) in the Northern Great Plains