English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Printed on recycled paper Emergent sandbars in the Missouri River are critical breeding habitat for the endangered interior population of least terns (Sterna antillarum) and the threatened Northern Great Plains population of piping plover (Charadrius melodus). A fundamental challenge in riverine habitat evaluation is dealing with the spatial and temporal variability resulting from variation in river discharge. Small changes in discharge can result in large changes in the area of available habitat on low-relief emergent sandbars. Remotely sensed imagery with high spatial resolution can be used to inventory and map the amount, composition, and juxtaposition of land-cover categories on emergent sandbars at a single instant in time. Interpretation of habitat estimates and trends would be simplified by acquisition of remotely sensed imagery at a similar river discharge at each observation period. However, it is extremely challenging to achieve this image acquisition goal in practice. Alternatively, flow-related variability in habitat estimates can be modeled using imagery acquired at multiple times at a range of discharges, and correlating habitat areas with discharge. Quantification of emergent sandbar area and habitats on multiple dates provides a better characterization of least tern and piping plover habitat relative to estimates from a single date. Hydraulic models are an alternative method to estimate the area of emergent sandbars as a function of discharge. Bathymetric and topographic survey data are a primary data component of hydraulic models and are difficult and costly to obtain compared to optical remotely sensed imagery. Furthermore, small errors in model predictions of water surface elevation can lead to large errors in estimates of the area of low-relief emergent sandbars, so the utility of these models needs to be evaluated in context of costs, uncertainties, and information content. Synergistic use of optical remotely sensed imagery and elevation models is a promising approach to riverine habitat evaluation. Optical remotely sensed imagery can be used to inventory habitat characteristics, for example, plant communities and successional stages, which are not obtainable from hydraulic models, and can be used to evaluate predictions of sandbar inundation.

Assessment of least tern and piping plover habitats on the Missouri River using remote sensing