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cr Jhe alluvial aquifer of the upper Black Squirrel Creek Basin, about 25 miles east of Colorado Springs, supplies most of the water for irrigation and domestic use in the basin and, since 1964, supplies water for export to the Colorado Springs area (fig. 1). The alluvial aquifer underlies about 90 square miles of the upper Black Squirrel Creek Basin and is underlain by the Denver Basin bedrock aquifers: the Dawson, Denver, Arapahoe, and Laramie-Fox Hills aquifers (Watts, 1995). Most wells in the basin tap the alluvial aquifer and have high yields, ranging from about 10 gallons per minute (gal/min) for stock wells to more than 1,000 gal/min for high-capacity irrigation wells. Because of increasing demand for ground water in the basin, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Cherokee Metropolitan District (CMD), collected samples from 36 wells in the upper Black Squirrel Creek alluvial aquifer in August 1984 to determine the distribution of concentrations of nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen (referred to as nitrate). Twenty-eight of the 36 wells sampled in August 1984 were resampled in August 1996 to determine whether nitrate concentrations in the alluvial aquifer changed since 1984. This fact sheet discusses changes in nitrate concentrations in the upper Black Squirrel Creek alluvial aquifer between 1984 and 1996, where those changes occurred, and possible causes for the changes in nitrate concentrations.

Have nitrate concentrations changed in water in the alluvial aquifer of the upper Black Squirrel Creek Basin since 1984?