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This report describes a reconnaissance study of estuarine bed-sediment quality conducted June–October 2013 in New Jersey and New York after Hurricane Sandy in October 2012 to assess the extent of contamination and the potential longterm human and ecological impacts of the storm. The study, funded through the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (PL 113-2), was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. In addition to presenting the bed-sediment-quality data, the report describes the study design, documents the methods of sample collection and analysis, and discusses the steps taken to assure the quality of the data. Bed-sediment samples were collected from June to October 2013 from 167 estuarine sites extending from Cape May, New Jersey, to the New York Harbor and the eastern end of Long Island. Each sampling location and study region was characterized by using geographic information to identify potential contaminant sources. Characterizations included land cover, locations and types of businesses (industrial, financial, and others), spills (sewage, chemical, and others), bulk storage facilities, effluent discharges within 2 kilometers of the sampling point, and discharges within inundated and non-inundated regions near the sampling location. Samples were analyzed for particle size, total organic carbon, metals and trace elements, semivolatile organic compounds, wastewater compounds, hormones, and sediment toxicity. Samples were also screened using x-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. In addition, bioassays for endocrine disruptors and protein phosphatase 2A inhibition were conducted. The study was designed to provide the data needed to understand the extent and sources of contamination resulting from Hurricane Sandy, to compare the chemistry and toxicity of estuarine bed sediments before and after the storm, and to evaluate the usefulness of rapid screening and bioassay approaches in disaster settings. Introduction Low-elevation coastal areas throughout New Jersey and New York were inundated by tidal surge when Hurricane Sandy struck the northeastern United States in late October 2012. Remote imagery and inundation mapping indicate that most, if not all, bays and estuaries along the New Jersey shore, New York/New Jersey (NY/NJ) Harbor, and the southern shore of Long Island were impacted by tidal surge and (or) river flood waters (fig. 1). Many elements of the built and natural environment, including residential structures, industrial manufacturing and storage facilities, wastewater-treatment facilities, and known contaminated sediment sites, were compromised. Storm-related damage to buildings and infrastructure had the potential to release a variety of contaminants that could subsequently be transported to local rivers and bays. As flood waters flowed and receded, contaminants from compromised facilities and disturbed sediments were mobilized. Weeks after the storm, billions of gallons of untreated or partially treated wastewater continued to be released from wastewater-treatment facilities that failed as a result of disruptions in electrical service and flooding of treatment works. Treatment plants, pumping stations, and pipelines that were overwhelmed by the storm surge released billions of gallons of raw and partially treated sewage into the rivers, bays, and estuaries of New Jersey and New York. According to Kenward and others (2013), approximately 93 percent of the sewage overflows along the East Coast resulting from Hurricane Sandy occurred in New York (47 percent) and New Jersey (46 percent). Public-health agencies responded to address acute effects (such as damaged homes and spills) of Hurricane Sandy, but the potential long-term human and ecological effects caused by the introduction of contaminants from compromised infrastructure, weathering debris, and redistribution of previously contaminated sediments are unknown. Immediately following Hurricane Sandy, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed a science plan (Buxton and others, 2013) to coordinate USGS activities with those of 2 Estuarine Bed-Sediment-Quality Data Collected in New Jersey and New York after Hurricane Sandy, 2013

Estuarine bed-sediment-quality data collected in New Jersey and New York after Hurricane Sandy, 2013