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Geologic materials and slopes conducive to naturally occurring slope failure abound in the Marietta, Ohio, area. About 1,150 recently active earth flows, slumps, debris slides, and complex forms of slope failure were mapped within a mantle of weathered rock and soil. Earth-flow-type movements are the most prominent slope failure forms. Beneath this mantle is a thick sequence comprised of the Monongahela Group of Pennsylvanian age and the Dunkard Group of Pennsylvanian and Permian age. Both of these units contain subhorizontal re,d shale and mudstone interbedded with intermittent thin to thick sandstone beds. The area was investigated in 1983 and 1984 to obtain data related to the topographic and geologic setting of slope movements. Field data were obtained over a period of 75 to 80 days along closely spaced traverses in an area of about 180 square kilometers. One large slope movement (approximately 54,000 square meters) within Marietta has forced the removal of 18 houses. Another actively moving slope involves a 1 Akilometer-wide area above the Ohio River. A 4.5-squarekilometer forested area southeast of Marietta contains nearly 90 mappable recent slope failures ranging in size from 100 to 50,000 square meters. Lithologic, geomorphic, and microclimatic factors play an important role in the origin and distribution of slope failures. Movements in the regolith originate below seeps on slopes of low permeability. The slopes most susceptible to movement are those overlying relatively thick intervals of shale and mudstone interbedded with thinner intervals of coarser grained clastic rock. Slope configuration and angle, aspect, existing surface drainage, and the effect of stress release along valley walls influence slope failure distribution. Beginning in 1970, the Marietta area has been subjected to generally greater than normal precipitation resulting in high ground-water levels. Long-time residents report an increase in slope movements in recent years. The field investigation has confirmed the presence of fresh scars above hummocky ground along slopes. Most recent movements (about 90 percent) in this largely rural area are initiated by precipitation rather than by construction and other slope modifications.

Slope stability in the Marietta area, Washington County, southeastern Ohio