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Twelve samples of unconsolidated sediments were collected from portions of cores obtained from seven wells near Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island, New York These samples were analyzed by mechanical, mineralogical, and cation-exchange methods. The results of the mechanical analyses are interpreted by means of eamparison with the standard compilations in the literature and by using the methods of D. J. Doeglas. The mineralogic methods used in the identification and semiquantitative estimation of the phases include optical, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, electron microscopy, and radioactive measurements. The cation-exchange capacities are explained in terms of the mineralogic compositions of the specimens. The results of the various techniques used in this investigation were critically evaluated to determine the petrographic significance of the data on the heavy, micaceous, and clay minerals. These and other pertinent data from the literature are interpreted in terms of work done in the Atlantic Coastal plain by Lincoln and Clarissa Dryden, by J. J. Groot and H. D. Glass, and by J. P. Owens. INTRODUCTION In 1951 the U.S. Geological Survey examined 12 samples of unconsolidated sediments collected from seven wells near the Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island, N.Y., to assess their properties when in contact with ground water. These samples were examined using mineralogic, petrologic, and chemical methods. The investigation was undertaken on behalf of the Division of Keactor Development, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The author supervised the investigations, except for the part dealing with the radioactive measurements, and correlated the various analytical data. The detailed studies are now available to scientists interested in the sedimentary petrography of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Bl B2 STUDIES OF SITES FOR NUCLEAR ENERGY FACILITIES The study of the sediments described in this report was suggested by Wallace de Laguna, formerly with the U.S. Geological Survey, and now with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, who collected the samples and described their occurrence. His studies on the geology of an area in the vicinity of the Brookhaven National Laboratory f de Laguna, 1963) should be consulted for further details. The mechanical analyses and optical mineralogic studies were made by Theodore Woodward and Joseph E. Houston; the X-ray-diffraction identifications were made by Marie L. Lindberg; the cation exchange capacities were determined by Margaret D. Foster; and the electron microscope photographs were prepared and interpreted by Edward J. Dwornik and Malcolm Ross, all of the U.S. Geological Survey. James P. Owens, U.S. Geological Survey, determined the monazite content of some beach sands collected by Wallace de Laguna near the area where the wells were drilled; and the radioactive constituents in the samples were studied by the Instrumentation and Health Physics Department of the Brookhaven National Laboratory. DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION OF SAMPLES The samples were all obtained from cores taken from test wells. The following descriptions of the samples were made by Wallace de Laguna, U.S. Geological Survey. Typical samples of the upper, relatively clean, glacial outwash, upper Pleistocene, and probably from the Ronkonkoma Moraine. Sample 1, well S6457, from a depth of 83-86 ft. Sand, fine to coarse, tan, containing some gravel, fine to medium. Sample 2, well S6460, from depth of 71-74 ft. Sand, fine to coarse, tan, containing fine to coarse gravel scattered throughout. Sample 3, well S6458, from depth of 73-76 ft. Sand, fine to coarse, light yellowish, tan, with some fine to coarse gravel. Typical sample of the finer glacial outwash, upper Pleistocene. Sample 4, well S6458, from depth of 109-112 ft. Sand, light-brown, chiefly fine grained, micaceous. Some medium and coarse grains, few medium gravel pebbles. Typical sample of the unit in the lower part of the glacial outwash, unidentified unit at the base of the upper Pleistocene. Sample 5, well S6456, from depth of 183-186 ft. Sand, fine to medium, clayey, dark greenish-gray, micaceous. Samples from the Gardiners Clay. Sample 6 is typical of the silty clay zone and sample 7 is typical of the sandy parts. Sample 6, well S6456, from depth of 202-205 ft. Clay, silty and fine sandy, greenish, gray when wet, dries to gray. Sample 7, well S6460, from depth of 184-186 ft. Clay, greenish-gray, contains much coarse, angular sand and "grits", also some coarse, well rounded gravel. Typical samples of the Magothy(?) Formation. Sample 8, well S6459, from depth of 155-158 ft. Sand, medium to coarse, clayey (muddy), dark gray, few coarse, well rounded gravel pebbles. SEDIMENTS, BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY, N.Y. B3 Sample 9, well S6409, from depth of 607-616 ft. Sand, fine, clayey, light gray, with very thin streaks of lignite. Typical sample of the clay member of the Raritan Formation. Sample 10, well S6434, from depth of 1,141-1,151 ft. Clay, tough, gray, thin dark gray, solid clay bands alternating with slightly thicker, light gray, silty clay bands. Typical samples of the relatively clean Lloyds Sand Member of the Raritan Formation. Sample 11, well S6434, from depth of 1,467-1,476 ft. Sand, coarse, and fine to medium gravel, slightly clayey, purplish-pink color. Sample 12, well S6409, from depth of 1,390-1,402 ft. Sand, coarse, white, clayey, with fine to coarse gravel. Weiss (1954) gives a map of the area where these wells are located and describes the stratigraphy of the parts of the wells that he studied; de Laguna (1963) describes the geology in detail and gives more information on the location of the cores reported here. MECHANICAL ANALYSIS The mechanical analyses were made on quartered samples obtained after a careful mixing of the original samples. The samples were wet sieved by hand through Tyler sieves; grain diameters are shown in table 1. The material passing the 250-mesh sieve (0.0625 mm) was separated into silt (0.0625-0.00391 mm) and clay (<0.00391 mm) by sedimentation in water. For samples 11 and 12, a dispersing agent was used to separate the silt from the clay fractions, and 50 cc of a mixture consisting of 37.70 g of sodium hexametaphosphate and 7.94 g of Na2CO3 dissolved in 1000 ml of water was used to disperse them. The clay fractions were then centrifuged to remove the sodium hexametaphosphate. The samples were selected from cores of several test wells and are believed to be typical of the formations from which they were taken. Such small sampling, however, is not necessarily representative. TABLE 1. Size analyses of 12 unconsolidated sediments [For description of the samples see Introduction. All samples from Long Island, N.Y. Mechanical analyses on the basis of the Wentworth scale by Theodore Woodward, U.S. Geol. Survey]

Physical properties and mineralogy of selected samples of the sediments from the vicinity of the Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island, New York