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There are converging favourable conditions for the development of HVDC links for energy transmission, notably the development of large electrical power lines over long distances to link production and consumption areas and to interconnect different networks with ever growing size. HVDC can also be used in replacement of HVAC lines for transmitting more power over a spatially constrained infrastructure. The demand for HVDC lines has diverse origins, namely, submarine cables, urban areas, and strong public opposition of overhead lines. The switch from HVAC to HVDC systems has great advantages such as simplification of manufacture (Fig. 1) and virtually no limit on transmission length owing to the fact that compensation of the capacitive current is no longer a necessity. Therefore, materials used for the insulation of HVDC cables require specific properties, notably regarding conductivity behaviour. Aside from that, its space charge behaviour is something that is carefully considered at the material characterization level (as samples), as well as in a full cable configuration. The amount of charges is something that can be relatively well characterized, however, the criteria for the kinetics of charge release and the behaviour of materials at polarity reversal are not so well-defined [1]. A slow relaxation of charges implies that, at polarity reversal, the residual field will add to the applied field. Therefore, the objective of this work is the analysis of the weaknesses and methods used to simulate the characteristics of insulation in cables and accessories under DC electro-thermal stress. Modelling of insulation in DC systems: the challenges for HVDC cables and accessories