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The term livestock associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) has been synonymous with sequence type ST398 since the identification of this lineage of MRSA in Holland. Subsequent research indicates broader genetic diversity of MRSA strains in swine, with MRSA variants belonging to MLST sequence type ST9, and ST5 also being reported in studies of swine in various countries. Unlike ST398, considered a novel sequence type, the ST5 lineage has long been associated with human MRSA infections, and particularly the USA100 group (defined by sma1 PFGE). We investigated the prevalence of S. aureus, and associated health events, in swine veterinarians in US and evaluate the genetic diversity of isolates using spa typing, MLST and PFGE. The ST398 and ST5 were the most prevalent spa types and 60 (18%) of 325 MSSA isolates and 6 (19%) of 32 MRSA isolates detected were spa type t002 (ST5). Sma1 PFGE analysis of 23 isolates indicated that t002 isolates from the swine veterinarians were not clonal. Given previous reports of t002-ST5 MRSA in North American pigs, our findings of diverse ST5 spa types as well as genetic diversity within spa type t002, suggest that S. aureus variants of the ST5 lineage may be livestock associated. These organisms need to be more broadly characterized to understand their potential implications for human health.

Genetic diversity of ST5 Staphylococcus aureus isolated from swine veterinarians in the USA