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The study objective was to investigate the probability of transmission of Salmonella from sows to their offspring. In each of 3 farrow-to-finish herds (A, B and C), one cohort of sows (n=34, n=40, n=32, respectively), together with 3 piglets of their offspring (n=102, n=120, n=96, respectively) were selected. Individual faecal and blood samples were taken from the sows dur- ing late gestation and lactation, and from the piglets from weaning until slaughter. Blood samples were analysed in an indirect mix-ELISA detecting Salmonella antibodies. Faecal samples were submitted to a qualitative Salmonella isolation. Isolates were characterised using RAPD and PFGE. The direct role of the sow in the transmission of Salmonella to her offspring was expressed by means of risk ratios (RR). Direct transmission from the sows to the piglets could not be demonstrated. The similarities between the isolates found in the sows and those during the nursery and finishing period sug- gest indirect transmission. Introduction To prevent human salmonellosis due to the contamination of pork, intervention measures are to be taken in the pork production chain, starting with the prevention of Salmonella infection at the herd level (Berends et al., 1998; Swanenburg et al., 2001). The most common route of infection is the oral-faecal route (Fedorka-Cray et al., 1994; Schwartz et al., 1999) and pigs can get infected by contaminated feed, contact with infected pen- mates or through a contaminated environment. As the majority of pig herds in Belgium are single site herds in which all production stages (from the sow unit to the finishing pig unit) are located at the same site, also sows might be an important source for (in)direct transmission of Salmonella infection to other animals in the herd. Salmonella shedding in sows has been investigated in dif- ferent longitudinal studies (Funk et al., 2001; Kranker et al., 2003; Nollet et al., 2005). Comparable results were achieved in these studies, with a low (<10%) prevalence of Salmonella shedding dur- ing late gestation, around farrowing and during lactation. In the study by Nollet et al. (2005), a sig- nificant increase in the proportion of shedding sows was demonstrated after weaning, which can be explained by the stress of weaning. Another reason may be that at weaning, sows are moved to the mating room which is in most herds only rarely cleaned and thus is supposed to be Salmonella contaminated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the sow in the direct and indirect

Transmission of Salmonella from sows to piglets: a longitudinal study