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In 2010 a national pig carcase baseline survey was undertaken to help determine the impact of regulation on processing hygiene and hazard levels and to inform national standard setting. The results are compared to those from a 1996 baseline survey of Australian finisher pigs. For E. coli a reduction in prevalence of around 10% (29.3% in 1996 to 20.7% in 2010) and an average reduction in concentration of 1.5 log10 cfu/cm2 were observed. Similarly, average concentration of TVC reduced by 1.9 log10 cfu/cm2 over the same period. Despite more stringent sampling techniques utilised in the 2010 survey, the carcase hygiene indicator data indicates a substantial improvement in dressing hygiene compared to the 1996 survey. Salmonella levels remain low (0.4%; 95% CI: 0.0 – 2.1%) by international standards. This substantial improvement in dressing hygiene over the past 14 years is most likely a result of the mandating of HACCP in Australian abattoirs in the late 1990s that has in part driven investment in processing effectiveness. Introduction In 1996/97 a national microbiological baseline survey of 680 Australian pig carcases was conducted. This involved swab sampling pig carcases on three x 20 cm2 areas (Coates et al 1997). The study found low levels of Salmonella and Y. enterocollitica (1% and 0.15% respectively), no detections of C. jejuni, L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157 and relatively high levels of S. aureus (14.9% with a carcase toxigenic strain prevalence of 7%). Since that time, international guidelines have been developed for determining carcase microbiological levels, the socalled ESAM (E. coli and Salmonella Monitoring) system (Anon 2000). Given that the original survey was conducted 14 years prior, and utilised a different methodology, the results could no longer be relied upon to demonstrate the quality of Australian pig meat in the event of a food borne disease outbreak or satisfy new and existing export market requirements. Materials and Methods A total of 294 finisher pig carcases were sampled by swabbing at 6 major pig abattoirs in Australia. Carcases were sampled on 2 occasions approximately 6 months apart (March/April and August/September) using the standard ESAM sponge method and a single sampler. The number of samples allocated to each abattoir was in proportion to that abattoirs throughput. Overall, the 6 abattoirs represented approximately 60% of the national finisher pig kill. For each abattoir a similar number of their available ESAM Salmonella test results, which straddled both sampling periods, were assessed. If there was sufficient ESAM data around each survey sampling date, half the ESAM sample results were taken prior to each survey date and half after. Otherwise, for the first survey sampling period more ESAM data was taken prior to the date and for the second survey sampling period more was taken after the sampling date (to avoid crossover of ESAM data). Carcases were aseptically sampled after a minimum of 12 hours chilling in accordance with AQIS Meat Notice 2003/6 (Anon 2003), using the sponge method and stainless steel 100 cm2 template. Swabs were placed immediately into an esky with ice packs and shipped overnight to the laboratory for testing within 24 hours. Total Viable Count (TVC) and E. coli The sponge swabs were massaged in a stomacher for 60 seconds. Ten-fold serial dilutions of the swab diluent were

Improvements in processing hygiene indicator and microbial hazard levels in Australian finisher pigs from 1996 to 2010