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Residues of pharmacological active substances or their metabolites might be found in food products from food-producing animals posing a potential risk to human health. Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for pharmacological active substances in foodstuffs of animal origin are established to assure high food safety standards, and residue surveillance programmes are required to verify compliance with legislation, export requirements and consumer confidence. A residue surveillance programme in Danish pigs and pork has been in place since 1972. A qualitative risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the human health risk of residues in Danish pork. The hazard identification step identified the residues that could potentially be found in Danish pork. The release assessment evaluated the probability of release of antibacterial residues in Danish pork, based on antibacterial consumption data in 2008. The exposure assessment estimated the probability of human exposure, based on findings of residues in Danish pork in the surveillance that involved approximately 20.000 samples annually (2005-2009). Finally, the consequence assessment evaluated the potential public health consequences and likelihood of its occurrence, based on a literature search. The risk associated with antibacterial residues was estimated to be low to negligible in sows (low risk associated with penicillin residues) and negligible in slaughter pigs. To further reduce the already very low prevalence of residues in Danish sows, increased focus on good management practices regarding antibacterial use and education of farmers and farm workers should be promoted to increase awareness regarding the impact of potential detection of residues. Although the probability is low, residues are found occasionally. Experience with recent findings of residues show that there is a need for risk-based control implying quick risk assessments in each case covering among others the purpose of the meat and the risk for humans related to consumption of such meat. Introduction Use of veterinary medicinal products in food-producing animals might result in presence of residues of pharmacological active substances or their metabolites in food products from these animals. Hereby, humans might be exposed to residues via animal products which might have harmful human health consequences. To assure a high level of consumer protection at the EU level, specific legislation regarding surveillance of residues and contaminants in food of animal origin establishes the group of substances to be tested, including the sampling criteria (Council Directive 96/23/EC). Under this legislation, member states are required to have in place national residue surveillance plans, assuring the implementation of specific actions to detect and minimise the recurrence of residues in food of animal origin. Each year, more than 20,000 samples are analysed for presence of residues in Danish pork and the prevalence of residues in Danish pork are found at a very low prevalence (Baptista et al., 2010). The main part of the samples is taken as a part of the slaughterhouses own-check programmes. This study aimed at evaluating the human health risk posed by residues in Danish pork. Material and Methods A qualitative risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the likelihood and the human health consequences of residues in Danish pork, according to international guidelines (Vose et al., 2001): 1) Hazard identification – based on Danish residue surveillance data from 2005-2009; 2) Release assessment – based on antibacterial consumption data obtained in Vetstat database;

Human health risk of residues in Danish pork – in theory and practice