English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Salmonella from pigs and pork have been submitted to the National Reference Laboratory for the Analysis and Testing of Zoonoses (Salmonella) (NRL Salm) for a number of years. This study retrospectively analyses the data of Salmonella and their antimicrobial resistance generated between 2000 and 2009. A total of 4163 isolates from pigs and 1839 isolates from pork submitted to the NRL Salm were serotyped and tested for antimicrobial resistance using the broth microdilution method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were evaluated using epidemiological cut-off values as provided by EUCAST (www.eucast.org) at the time of interpretation (2010). The majority of isolates from pigs and pork belonged to three serovars: S. Typhimurium (66 and 52%), monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium (1,4,[5],12:i:-) (11 and 10%) and S. Derby (7 and 10%). In both origins the number of S. Typhimurium decreased by roughly 50% while monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium increased from zero to 32 and 26%, respectively. The proportion of S. Derby varied between 5 and 12% in both origins. Antimicrobial resistance in S. Typhimurium was high. In pigs there was a slight decrease in resistant isolates from 97 to 88% over the ten year period. In pork, the proportion of resistant isolates was lower but remained constant at about 80%. In the monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium susceptible isolates were rare (3%) and the majority (>80%) of isolates was resistant to streptomycin, ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline. In S. Derby, resistance was substantially lower (55%) compared to S. Typhimurium and the monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium. Resistant isolates to 3rd generation cephalosporins were rare (<1%) in pigs and absent in pork. However, in 2008 four isolates (0.8%) and in 2009 seven isolates (2%) indicated a potential emergence of resistance to this group of antimicrobials. Resistance to fluoroquinolones was constantly on a low level in pigs and pork (3 to 4%). Similarity of trends in serovar and resistance patterns of animal and food derived isolates supports the assumption of vertical transmission along the food chain. Introduction Resistance in zoonotic pathogens potentially hampers treatment of severe human infections. Food is an important source for Salmonella causing human infections. Moreover, Salmonella in food often originates from animals that harbour Salmonella or from cross contamination during slaughter and processing. It was the purpose of this study to investigate the development of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella from pigs and pork over a 10 year period. Material and Methods Isolates had been submitted for diagnostic purposes to the NRL Salm between 2000 and 2009. At the NRL isolates were confirmed as Salmonella and serotyped. Antimicrobial resistance testing was carried out using the broth microdilution method according to CLSIstandards by the National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance. All isolates were evaluated using the same epidemiological cut-off values as provided by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (www.eucast.org) at the time of analysis (2010). More details as well as test ranges can be obtained from the reports published by BfR (www.bfr.bund.de). Results A total of 4163 isolates from pigs and 1839 isolates from pork submitted to the NRL Salm were serotyped and tested for antimicrobial resistance. Figures 1 and 2 display the proportion of the most frequent Salmonella serovars based on the frequency observed in 2009 for pigs and pork, respectively. S. Typhimurium was the most frequently detected serovar in most years. However, its proportion decreased from more than 80% to less than 50% in pigs and from more than 60% to

Salmonella in pigs and pork and their antimicrobial resistance - 10 years of surveillance in Germany