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Temperature-Phased Anaerobic Digestion (TPAD) is a high-rate anaerobic digestion process developed at Iowa State University (ISU) in early 90's. It is regarded as one of the innovative sludge digestion processes with more than 15 full-scale installations in the United States. TPAD process operates at high thermophilic temperature (typically 55 °C) in the first stage followed by lower mesophilic temperature (typically 35 °C) in the second stage. In such arrangement, the thermophilic reactor enhances the hydrolysis and pathogen destruction whereas the mesophilic reactor acts as a polishing unit thereby alleviates the high volatile fatty acids and process instability associated with thermophilic reactor alone. A series of bench and pilot-scale studies conducted at ISU in the past demonstrated that the TPAD system is capable of producing Class A biosolids, the highest ranked stabilized sludge for land application specified by the US EPA in 40 CFR Part 503. The temperature-phased system was initially developed for the digestion of sewage sludge. Later, it was extended to treat high solids content waste such as animal waste (e.g. cattle manure). Lately, TPAD

Performance of temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) system treating grocery food waste and agro-waste