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Habitat loss is a major reason for the decline of grassland birds in North America. Five habitats (pastures, hayfields, rowcrop fields, small-grain fields, Conservation Reserve Program [CRP] fields) compose most of the habitat used by grassland birds in the Midwest United States. Growing and harvesting switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) as a biomass fuel would create another habitat for grassland birds. Bird abundance information from studies conducted in Iowa and adjacent states and land-use data for the Rathbun Lake Watershed in southern Iowa were used in a Geographic Information System to model the effects on bird abundances of converting rowcrop fields to biomass production. Total bird abundance and abundances for 13 selected species were calculated for the existing land use, a total-harvest biomass scenario, and a scenario in which 60% of the biomass within each field was harvested in strips. Total bird abundance increased minimally in the biomass scenarios compared with the existing land use. But abundances of some species (e.g., common yellowthroat [Geothlypis trichas], grasshopper sparrow [Ammodramus savannarum]) increased by >15% in both biomass scenarios compared with the current condition. Other species (e.g., horned lark [Eremophila alpestris], killdeer [Charadrius vociferous]) were more abundant in the existing land use than in the biomass scenarios, and conversion of

Avian response to harvesting switchgrass for biomass in southern Iowa