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Information on genetic variability and level of dominance for genes controlling quantitative traits in breeding populations is useful in the development of heterosis theory and hybrid breeding strategies. The objectives of this study were: 1) to estimate the genetic variance components and average levels of dominance in two maize(Zea mays L.) populations that one descended from a high performance single-cross hybrid, B73 X Mol7, and the other from a related line single-cross hybrid, B73 X B84; 2) to compare the generation means, heterosis, and genetic variance for the two hybrids and their descended populations, and 3) to measure the effect of linkage disequilibrium on the estimates of genetic parameters in the two populations. Forty pairs of backcross progenies(BCl and BC2) and forty SI lines randomly sampled from each of F2 and F2 Syn5 populations were evaluated for each hybrid. Backcross progenies were analyzed by the mating design III (Dili) method. Data from backcross progenies were combined with that from SI lines to perform the Dili and Si combined analysis. Heterosis and genetic variance were greater in B73 X Mol7 than in B73 X B84 for yield, ear height, ear length, and ear diameter. Heterosis for yield in B73 X Mol7 was 125.5% greater than in B73 X B84. Additive genetic variance for yield estimated for the B73 X Mol7 populations was about two and three times greater than for the B73 X B34 F2 and F2 SynS populations, respectively. Dominance genetic variance estimated for the B73 X Mol7 populations was also much greater than for the B73 X B84 in both F2 and F2 Syn5 populations. Estimates of average

Estimates of genetic variability and gene action in two maize (Zea mays L.) populations