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Abundant emergent plant litter produced in the interior of dense emergent stands may directly or indirectly influence invertebrate communities. Low litter may provide beneficial structure and refuge while high litter may shade out vegetation and algae and decrease oxygen concentrations. Within an emergent stand, a transect study from the edge to interior and an interior litter manipulation study were performed to investigate the impact of increasing litter on the invertebrate community. Under lower litter conditions in the interior, total invertebrate abundance was similar to the edge but the emergent interior was dominated by hypoxic-tolerant nektonic species. Under high litter conditions in the interior, invertebrate abundance decreased and the invertebrate community was different from lower litter levels, supporting semi-aquatic species and very hypoxic-tolerant taxa. Anoxia was present at high litter treatments, while moderate and low litter treatments showed prolonged hypoxia. Lemnid densities were much lower in the high litter treatment. Lower invertebrate abundance may be related to losses in lemnids that were displaced by high litter. When considering litter and spatial position, a gradient of three habitats emerge that differ in their invertebrate community, 1) the interior with high litter, anoxia, and few lemnids, 2) the interior with low litter, hypoxia, and abundant lemnids and 3) the edge with low litter, higher dissolved oxygen, and high submersed or lemnid vegetation. INTRODUCTION Invertebrate community composition can be influenced by numerous factors in wetland systems including predation (Hanson and Butler 1994, Hanson and Riggs 1995, Zimmer et al. 2001), vegetation (Voigts 1976; Brown et al. 1988, Olson et al. 1995, Murkin

Litter accumulation in emergent marshes: investigating the effects of litter on wetland invertebrates and the processes controlling litter distribution and accumulation