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This dissertation study, consisting of two papers, investigates the coupling of baroclinic waves, cumulus convection, and surface processes. In the first paper, the role of convection in die dynamics of eddy life cycles is examined through numerical experiments using Initial states that are baroclinically and conditionally unstable in midlatitudes. The location of wave-induced convection and its influence on the growing wave depends on how strongly the wave is coupled to the lower boundary through surface fluxes. For all three convective schemes used here, convective destabilization is favored in the wave's warm sector when there are no surface fluxes included in the simulation and in the cold sector when there are. Convection is also shallower when it occurs in the cold sector, though still precipitating. For simulations using Emanuel convection, the relatively shallow convection plays a central role in a water cycle wherein (I) evaporation gives moismre to the cold sector's boundary layer, (2) convection pumps some of the moisture into the lower troposphere above the boundary layer, (3) the large-scale circulation transports die moisture eastward and upward into the wave's warm sector, and (4) stable precipitation condenses the moisoire into precipitation. The additional condensation catalyzes a more energetic life cycle by inducing stronger vertical motion and, hence, a greater conversion of available potential energy to kinetic energy. This enhancement, however, is parameterization-dependent, with the key factor being how much lower-tropospheric moistening a convection scheme produces. The second paper of this dissertation is a dieoretical, linear analysis of the moist instabiUty of a baroclinic zonal flow with conditionally unstable stratification in the presence of surface temperature damping. In the two-dimensional continuous model on an f-plane, the effect of surface temperature damping is assumed to exponentially decrease with height, and the cumulus convective heating is parameterized in terms of either (I) eddy meridional velocity

Coupling of baroclinic waves, cumulus convection, and surface processes