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A molten salt: reactor for continuously nitrating butane with nitric acid in the vapor phase was designed, constructed, and successfully operated. The reactor was designed to use the exothermic heat of reaction to vaporize liquid nitric acid thereby providing excellent temperature control in the reac­ tion zone and reducing the possibility of explosions. Molten salt temperature was varied from 38^°C to 455"mole ratio of hydrocarbon to nitric acid from 3 to 7> and reactant flow rate from O.ij.33 gram moles/min, to 1,235 gram moles/min, A central composite statistical design in three orthogonal blocks was used to reduce the number of experimental points required to adequately cover the range of variables, to supply an estimate of experimental error, and to prevent the presence of a linear time trend from affecting comparisons between different levels of each variable, However, no measurable time trend existed. Gas chromatography techniques were developed which pro­ vide on-line quantitative analysis of the reactor products, Mtroparaffin yields based on hydrocarbon consumed ranged from 33.5 per cent to 67.3 per cent while conversions based on hydrocarbon fed ranged from I.I46 per cent to ij..71 per cent. Y i e l d s b a s e d o n n i t r i c a c i d r a n g e d f r o m 2 0 . 8 p e r c e n t t o 3 4 * 7 per cent, The mole per cent distribution of the nitroparaffins pro­ duced ranged as follows: nitromethane, 9,26 16.18;

Vapor phase nitration of butane in a molten salt reactor: process and economic optimization