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Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of phenological stages of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) com and non-Bt (near isogenic) com on egglaying by European com borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Htibner), females and subsequent larval injury to the field com, Zea mays L. Transgenic Bt (events 176 and Btl 1) and isogenic com was planted at three different times to assess the use of earlyand lateplanted Bt com as a trap crop. Plant growth stages, egg densities, Guthrie leaf damage ratings, stalk tunneling and ear-tip feeding was recorded at four locations in southwestern, central, and northem Iowa for 3 summers (1996-1998). Similar egg densities were observed on Bt and isogenic com during the first and second generation. Significant differences occurred among planting dates. Between 50 and 100% of the eggs were laid in the early planting during the first generation. In addition, between 40 and 65% of the eggs were laid in the late planting for the second generation. Correlations between egg density and larval tunneling were inconsistent from year to year. The early planting of Bt com provided the most benefit in northem Iowa; however, the later planted Bt com provided the most benefit in southern and central Iowa. Yearly phenological differences among sequential plantings and inconsistencies in the O. nubilalis populations produced highly variable results.

Phenological, physiological, and ecological influences of transgenic Bt corn on European corn borer management