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The ptirpose of this study was to examine parent-child relationships in late life. The design of the first part of the study was quantitative. The sample consisted of 100 parentchild dyads. Personality, attachment, and dimensions of solidarity were hypothesized to predict loneliness for oldest old adults (i.e., 85 years of age and older) and their adult children. The design of the second part of the study was qualitative. Members of four intergenerational family units (i.e., parents and all children) were interviewed in order to explore factors that influenced relationship closeness over the life span. Results from the quantitative study indicated that affective solidarity negatively predicted oldest old adults' loneliness, while depression (a control variable) positively predicted loneliness. Attachment positively predicted affective solidarity, while anxiety negatively predicted affective solidarity. Adidt children's loneliness was predicted by associative and normative solidarity, extraversion, as well as by the quality of friendships and depression. Attachment positively predicted affective, associative and normative solidarity. In addition to personality, affection, association, and expectations, the qualitative stody identified the following factors that influenced relationship closeness of oldest old adults and their adult children: life events, education, financial status, fiiendships, maniage, social roles of parents and children, and individual and environmental factors. Results from this study indicate that oldest old adults perceive relationships to be closer than do their adult children. Anxiety negatively predicts affective relationships for oldest old adults but not for their adult children. Based on a reduced number of close relationships and the high "stake" oldest old adults have in their children, affectionate

Personality, relationship closeness and loneliness of the oldest old and their children