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The paper reviews the literature on state-of-the-art 3D and 4D printing technology in the fashion mass customization context and proposes an innovative design concept for improving independent designers' and small-medium enterprises' (SMEs) practice, premised on commercialized technology and accessible materials in the fashion mass customization business. The literature review of 3D and 4D printing technologies enabled discussion of the possibilities of using them for mass customization, especially in the fashion industry. Then, the study presented a prototype suggesting an approach to embedding shape-memory materials into 3D-printed objects. 4D printing was confirmed as offering the potential for application in the fashion industry. This paper establishes appropriate knowledge flows between 4D printing technology and its commercial possibilities, by identifying the strengths of 4D printing technology, particularly in the fashion industry.

Integrating Three-Dimensional Printing With Shape Memory Material: A Renovation of Mass Customization in the Fashion Industry