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Modern corn production practices rely on both advances in management practices and genetics to consistently produce higher yields than in the past. Modern hybrids better tolerate stress when planted at higher plant populations than older hybrids which leads to modern hybrids producing more dry matter and grain. With increased dry matter and grain production, do modern hybrids require more nutrients and demand them at different times throughout the growing season? We investigated dry matter and nutrient accumulation in this two-year field study using two popular commercial hybrids from each of five decades (eras): 1960’s, 1970’s, 1980’s, 1990’s, and the 2000’s. Hybrids were planted at seeding rates used in the decades in which they were grown. We collected total above-ground biomass at 10 sampling dates (SD) throughout the growing season: V6, V10, V14, VT, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6. Total dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium uptake were determined and analyzed on an area basis and as a percent of total uptake basis for each SD and each era. Grain yields increased 2.2 bu a yr with grain yields of 132 bu a for the 1960’s era hybrids and 225 bu a for the 2000’s era hybrids (Table 1). Dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium uptake were greater in the modern hybrids as well. However, when comparing hybrids from the different eras on percentage of total uptake at any given SD, dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium only varied on a few scattered sample dates from which we could determine no pattern. When averaged across all eras, at silking, R1, 45% of total dry matter was present. At the same growth stage uptake for nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium was 72%, 58%, and 97%, respectively. Potassium uptake was the most rapid of all nutrients; whereas phosphorous uptake was the slowest. Although percent dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake were similar across hybrids from all eras, the newer hybrids accumulated dry matter and nutrients at a faster rate. By using actual dry matter and nutrient accumulation data, producers can better manage nutrient removal rates as well as nutrient application timing to maize crops.

proceedings of the integrated crop management conference

New corn research findings and implications: Performance of era and modern hybrids; Hybrids for corn following corn; Impact of late vegetative stand reduction