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The importance of biosecurity is ever increasing within the animal feed industry. Salmonella is a major microbial hazard that can persist within animal feed and cause human illness. The risk of Salmonella contamination can be reduced by killing pathogens through heat treatment as a function of processing temperature and time. A retentioner is a device used to extend the time that animal feed is exposed to desired treatment temperature resulting from steam conditioning. The overall objective of this research was to improve biosecurity practices in feed manufacturing by ensuring effective steam conditioning and retentioning treatment, and preventing recontamination during the drying, cooling and transfer process. This objective was achieved by (1) conducting pilot plant trials measuring the radial and longitudinal temperature distribution of the feed during retentioning, (2) developing, validating, and applying a transient thermal model of conduction heating within a retentioner, (3) analyzing steam usage for conditioning, and (4) designing a pneumatic transfer system to simultaneously transport, dry, and cool feed after processing to prevent contamination. Two sets of experimental trials measuring the longitudinal and radial temperature within a pilot scale retentioner were conducted. Three retention times (90, 180, and 240 seconds) were tested with two heating mat settings (on/off). Retentioning was found to be the most effective when a high steam flow rate was used for conditioning and the heating mats were turned on. For both experimental trial sets, the use of the heating mats resulted in a more stable radial temperature profile of the feed mash throughout the retentioner. A transient thermal model of the retentioner was created and the temperature data from the experimental trials was used to validate the model. The validated model was then applied to the largest commercial scale retentioner and inferences about scale up were analyzed. The largest retentioner model showed a

Increased biosecurity in feed manufacturing through effective hydrothermal treatment and recontamination prevention during drying, cooling and handling