Recycling of vitamin B12 and NAD+ within the Pdu microcompartment of Salmonella enterica

iv Chapter 1. General introduction 1 1.1. Vitamin B121 1.1.1. Discovery and structure of vitamin B121 1.1.2. Biosynthesis of vitamin B123 1.1.3. Absorption, transport and cellular uptake of vitamin B127 1.1.4. Function of vitamin B129 1.1.5. Vitamin B12-related diseases 17 1.2. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) 19 1.2.1. Discovery and structure of NAD 19 1.2.2. Biosynthesis of NAD19 1.2.3. Function of NAD 21 1.2.4. NAD-related diseases 24 1.3. AdoCbl-dependent 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) degradation 25 1.3.1. Source of 1,2-PD25 1.3.2. 1,2-PD utilization 26 1.3.3. The pdu locus in S. enterica 27 1.3.4. Control of the pdu/cob regulon 28 1.3.5. Pathogenesis30 1.4. Bacterial microcompartment 31 1.4.1. Discovery and diversity31 1.4.2. Component and architecture34 1.4.3. Function and mechanism38 1.5. Research overview 41 1.6. Thesis organization 42 Chapter 2. Characterization of the PduS cobalamin reductase of Salmonella and its role in the Pdu microcompartment 43 2.1. Abstract 44 2.2. Introduction45 2.3. Materials and methods 48