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The proposed Bunakha Hydroelectric Project (BHEP) for generation of 180 MW (3 X 60 MW) hydropower is located near village Bunakha, in Chukha Dzong (District) in the Western Bhutan. BHEP is the upper most major project in the development of the power potential of the Wang Chhu River in Bhutan. Wang Chhu is formed by the confl uence of two major snow-fed rivers viz. Paro Chhu and Thimphu Chhu, originating from Chomolhari glaciers in the Himalaya at an elevation of the order of 6500 to 7300 m. The catchment area up to proposed Bunakha dam site is 3540 sq.km., out of which 34 sq km is above 5000 m elevation, considered as area covered by permanent snow. The Paro Chhu and Thimphu Chhu join at an elevation of 2068 m at Chhuzom i.e. upstream from the proposed project site (Fig. 1). BHEP is a storage project utilising the head between upstream of the existing Chukha Hydro Electric Project (HEP) and the confl uence of Paro Chhu and Thimphu Chhu. Further, the capacity generation of commissioned Chukha HEP (336 MW) and Tala HEP (1020 MW) and planned Wang Chhu HEP (600 MW) will also be increased by the development of BHEP because of regulated fl ow. This proposed storage scheme envisages important structures such as concrete dam, spillway, pressure shafts (penstock), dam toe surface power house and tail race channel. Alignment of the dam axis is N70o56’E S70o56’W and is located 3.25 km upstream of existing Chukha dam and is presently approachable by 3 km long foot path connecting Phuentsholing-Thimphu highway at 102 km milestone from Phuentsholing. The proposed dam and surface power house facilities at BHEP can utilize a head of 141.62 m. The estimated gross storage of this project is about 329.16 MCM. The proposed dam is a roller compacted concrete type, with Orifi ce type spillway. The maximum height of the dam will be 197 m above the deepest foundation level i.e. EL 1813.0 m. The top elevation of the dam is at EL 2010.0 m plus 1 m wave protection wall and length of dam at top is 429.5 m and ABSTRACT A 197 m high roller compacted concrete gravity dam is proposed across river Wang Chhu in Chukha Dzong of the Bhutan Himalaya. Bunakha Dam will be the third highest dam constructed by India after the Tehri Dam and Bhakra Dam. The Bunakha Dam site area is located in the Thimpu Formation of the Himalayan crystalline complex. This litho-units at site is characterized by heterogeneous lithology consisting of viz. banded gneisses, foliated gneisses, with large boudins and bands of quartzite and calc-silicate gneisses with large porphyroblasts of garnet measuring up to 4 mm. These litho units form the foundation of proposed dam. In this paper attempt has been made to bring out the rock mass condition of the foundation of dam of the proposed scheme on the basis of detailed engineering geological mapping, geological logging of drill holes, rock mass permeability values, 3D mapping of exploratory drifts, geophysical profi ling, in-situ and laboratory test results. Rock mass classifi cation using Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system and Q-system was done. The basic purpose of these investigations was to identify/map different rocks and structures like joints, shear zones, faults, fracture zones etc. and to determine engineering properties of rock and rock mass by lab and in-situ testing and to provide basic data for economic and fail-safe design of the dam. On the basis of these investigations suitable recommendations have been made which will be helpful during the construction of the dam.

Engineering geological and geotechnical investigations of dam of the Bunakha Hydroelectric Project (180 MW), Chukha Dzong, Bhutan Himalaya