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An attempt is made to find out the optimal compositions for the intermediate oxide layer of IrO 2- SnO 2- Sb 2 O 5 in preventing insulating titanium oxide formation on titanium substrate for the oxygen evolution Mn 1-x-y Mo x Sn y O 2+x anodes in electrolysis of 0.5 M NaCl of pH 1 at 1000 A.m -2 . Effects of antimony and iridium in the intermediate IrO 2- SnO 2- Sb 2 O 5 layer are discussed. The 75 % of the iridium content in the intermediate layer of the oxygen evolution anodes can be substituted by SnO 2 and small amount of Sb 2 O 5 to increase the electronic conductivity of the intermediate layer as well as the activity of the Mn 1-x-y Mo x Sn y O 2+x /IrO 2- SnO 2- Sb 2 O 5 /Ti anodes for seawater electrolysis at pH 1. Although Sb 5+ addition is effective in decreasing the Ir 4+ concentration in the intermediate layer of the anodes, the Ir 1-x-y Sn x Sb y O 2+0.5y intermediate layers with the Sb 5+ /Sn 4+ between 0.125-0.285 in the coating solution showed excellent performance of the oxygen evolution efficiency. All the examined manganese-molybdenum-tin triple oxides, Mn 1-x-y Mo x Sn y O 2+x , prepared by anodic deposition on the IrO 2- SnO 2 -Sb 2 O 5 -coated titanium substrate showed around 99% initial oxygen evolution efficiency at a current density of 1000 A.m -2 in 0.5 M NaCl of pH 1 at 25oC. Keywords: global CO 2 recycling, hydrogen production electrode, IrO 2- SnO 2- Sb 2 O 5 layer, 0.5 M NaCl, titanium substrate. DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v23i0.2093 J. Nepal Chem. Soc ., Vol. 23, 2008/2009 Page: 21-32

The Effect of Antimony in the Intermediate IrO&lt;sub&gt;2-&lt;/sub&gt;SnO&lt;sub&gt;2-&lt;/sub&gt;Sb&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; Oxide Layer on Titanium Substrate for Oxygen Evolution Mn&lt;sub&gt;1-x-y&lt;/sub&gt;Mo&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;Sn&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2+x&lt;/sub&gt; Anodes in Seawater Electrolysis