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The Himalayas as a whole is tectonically very active and geomorphologically very unstable. It is highly vulnerable to water induced disasters like soil erosion, landslides, floods, glacial lake outburst flood etc due to its high relief, steep slopes, active geology, and intense monsoon rainfall. Moreover, rapid growth of population and consequent changes in land use and land cover, development of infrastructures and man-induced changes in runoff are also responsible for increased events of landslide and flood hazards. The loss of life and properties from these hazards has been increasing. The livelihood options of the people have been threatening. There is urgent need to develop and implement disaster management activities in order to reduce the loss of life and properties and sustain development activities in this area. An assessment of hazard, risk and vulnerability and its mapping could provide basis for the development of effective disaster management activities. It is in this context, an attempt was made to identify different types of water induced disasters and map and assess its risk and vulnerability. Tinau watershed was selected for this study.Tinau watershed with the total area of 234 sq km lies in Palpa district in western Nepal. The elevation ranges from 330 m at the confluence of Tinau river and Jhumsa khola (stream) to 1893 m at Ghustung Lekh. Both the secondary and primary information have been used. Aerial photographs taken in 1996 were interpreted with field verification in order to identify the areas prone to different types of water induced disasters. Local people were consulted and interviewed to gather information for risk and vulnerability assessment. The field-work was carried out in September 2003. A total of eleven parameters like lithological units, lineaments, slope gradient, slope shape, slope aspects, relative relief, drainage density, water table and drainage condition, land use, vegetation cover, and distance from the road were used for landslide and flood hazard mapping. These information were derived from available analog maps such as toposheets, land system, land utilization, land capability prepared in the past with modification after field verification. GIS tool was used to analyse above mentioned parameters and prepare hazard, risk and vulnerability maps. Hazard areas were categorized into three groups according to the probability of occurrence of hazards such as high, moderate and low.

Assessment of risk and vulnerability of water induced disaster: A case study of Tinau Watershed, western Nepal