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The superposition of the three main tectonic units building up the core of the Himalayan chain (Lesser Himalaya, Higher Himalayan Crystallines and Tibetan Sedimentary Sequence) have been recognized and mapped also in the Bhutan Himalaya (Gansser 1983, Bhargava 1995, Grujic et al. 1996, 2002, Davidson et al. 1997). Among the main units also the main tectonic discontinuitis, such as the southward thrusting MCT and the northward faulting STDS, have been detected. The HHC, bounded by the nearly coeval MCT and STDS (Hodges et al. 1992), has been interpreted as an extruding wedge (Burchfield et al. 1992, Hodges et al. 1992). Main models regarding the extrusion of the HHC propose a major component of simple shear near the boundaries of the wedge while a pure shear component could accomodate deformation in its central portion (Grasemann et al. 1999, Grujic et al. 2002). Our work focused in western Bhutan where structural analyses have been performed mainly in the HHC, expecially in its central and upper portion cropping out North of Thimpu. Well developed extensional shear zones have been recognized in gneiss and subordinately in leucogranites. Shear zones strike NE-SW and dip toward the South. Kinematic indicators mainly represented by shear band cleavages and mica fishes point out a top-to-the-SW sense of shear. Microstructural analyses highlight the main metamorphic minerals are deformed by the extensional shear zones while deformation mechanism show ductile up to brittle conditions of deformation. These shear zones could accomodate the pure shear component of deformation expected to be localized in the core of the extruding wedge. Moving upward, at the boundary between HHC and TSS, the extensional deformation of the STDS is localized along a ductile shear zone at the base of the Chekha Formation in the TSS (Grujic et al. 1996). Our meso and microstructural data pointed out some similarities between the lower part of the Checka formation and the North Col formation cropping out in the Everest area and in western Nepal (Carosi et al. 1998).

Deformation features of the Higher Himalayan Crystallines in Western Bhutan during exhumation