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Background: Birth asphyxia is a serious problem which can cause 1 million deaths among newborn babies annually around the world and a similar number of patient with serious neurological sequelae, such as cerebral palsy, mentard retardation and epilepsy. Objective: determine the antepartum, intra partum and fetal risk factors of brith asphyxia and it outcome in N’Djamena Mother and Child hospital. Patient and Method: This was a cross-sectional study covering the six months from June, 1 of june 2016 to the November 31of November 2016. The study group was constituted with full term newborn (gestational age 37-42weeks) presenting asphyxia. The control group where each newborn delivered after baby suffering with asphyxia were recorded. Results: During the study period, 371 newborns have presented an asphyxia among 7,254 newborns giving an incidence of birth asphyxia was 05,1%. The maternal risk factors were: primiparity, and young maternal age. The delivery were mostly in vagina mode in the both group (53.1% in the study group vs 76.6 in the control group). More caesarean section was perfomed in the study group (29.4% vs 13.2%). Mains etiologies of birth asphyxia were: obstructed labour(18.3%), spontaneous premature rupture of membranes (17.2%), ocytocyn drug use (15.1%), hypertension/ preeclamsia/ eclampsia (10.2%). Most of neonates in the control group had cried immediately after birth, and only 5.1% of them needed simple resuscitation and responds to direct oxygen. while 68.2% of cases suction, oxygen or bag and mask. The letality rate was greatter in the study group (11.3% vs à.5%). Conclusion: Birth asphyxia remains a serious public health problem. Risks factors are known. The majorité of these factors may be manageable by means of goods prenatal care.

Birth asphyxia in full term neonates in N’Djamena Mother and Child Hospital (Chad)