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Background: Dengue fever is regarded as the most important arboviral disease worldwide. Aims and Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of denque virus seropositivity among children with febrile illness at the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. Study Design: A cross sectional study consisting of 96 subjects was performed. The subjects were recruited using the systematic sampling technique. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics committee of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi and informed consent was sought from study participants. Setting: This study was conducted at the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Anambra State Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The demographic data and dietary pattern of the subjects was obtained using well structured questionnaire. Dengue Virus IgM was analysed using ELISA techniques. Malaria parasitaemia was determined using microscopy techniques while Haematological parameters were evaluated using haematology auto analyser (PE-6800 fully auto haematology analyser Procan). Statistics: Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 24. Results: The results showed a prevalence of 77.1% Dengue Virus seropositivity among children with febrile illness in the study population with a greater prevalence found among the males (54.1%) than female (45.9%) subjects. The dengue virus seropositive participants had significantly greater IgM levels compared with the seronegative participants (2.02 ± 0.76 vs 0.84 ± 0.28; p < 0.001). Children who had dengue virus had significantly greater WBC (p = 0.017), esinophil (p<0.001), but lower RBC (<0.001), Hb (p = 0.001) and basophil (p = 0.001) compared with dengue virus negative children. The result showed a strong positive association between anemia and dengue viral status (χ, 6.31; p = 0.012) with dengue virus seropositive partcipants at greater risk (OR, 3.52; p = 0.015) of developing anemia compared to those who had no dengue virus. More so, the incidence of anemia was higher in those who had malaria and dengue virus co-infection (86.8%) compared with those who had no malaria and were Dengue virus negative (7.5%) and those who presented with malaria but had no Dengue virus (5.7%). Furthermore, the result indicates a significant association (p = 0.005) between dengue virus seropositivity and malaria co-infection with anemia. Conclusion: Our report has revealed that dengue virus is an emerging cause of fever among the study population. This calls for urgent attention and large scale research to confirm the circulating strains of the dengue virus

Seroprevalence of dengue virus among children with febrile illness in Nnewi, Nigeria