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Circuity, the ratio of network distances to straight-line distances, is animportant measure of urban street network structure and transportationefficiency. Circuity results from a circulation network's configuration,planning, and underlying terrain. In turn, it impacts how humans use urbanspace for settlement and travel. Although past research has examined overallstreet network circuity, researchers have not studied the relative circuity ofwalkable versus drivable circulation networks. This study uses OpenStreetMapdata to explore relative network circuity. We download walkable and drivablenetworks for 40 US cities using the OSMnx software, which we then use tosimulate four million routes and analyze circuity to characterize networkstructure. We find that walking networks tend to allow for more direct routesthan driving networks do in most cities: average driving circuity exceedsaverage walking circuity in all but four of the cities that exhibitstatistically significant differences between network types. We discuss variousreasons for this phenomenon, illustrated with case studies. Network circuityalso varies substantially between different types of places. These findingsunderscore the value of using network-based distances and times rather thanstraight-line when studying urban travel and access. They also suggest theimportance of differentiating between walkable and drivable circulationnetworks when modeling and characterizing urban street networks: althoughdifferent modes' networks overlap in any given city, their relative structureand performance vary in most cities.

The Morphology and Circuity of Walkable and Drivable Street Networks