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Background: Cancers have wide regional, urban/rural variations in reported prevalence. Objectives: To determine the baseline pattern of cancers in the first 5 years from Hospital-based records of cancer cases at Federal medical centre Nguru, Northeast Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective review of all histologically confirmed cancer cases managed at a rural referral tertiary health facility in Northeast Nigeria for the period 1st January, 2009 to 31st December, 2013 was undertaken. Results: Of the 237 histological specimens during the period under review, 165 (69.6%) were cancers. Female cancers (n=101; 61%) were more than male cancers (n=64; 39%) and the mean age (±SD) for all cancers was 48.1(±18.7) years. The mean age for cancer was lower in females (Student t-test 5.103, P < 0.001). The mean ages for the 3 commonest cancers in this centre were; 45.1 ± 15.2 years for breast; 49±10.9 years for cancer of the cervix and 67.4±7.6 years for prostate cancer. The commonest cancer sites were in the female and male genital tracts. However, review of individual cancers showed that breast cancer was the commonest (n=31; 18.8%) followed by prostate cancer (n=29; 17.6%). The 3rd commonest cancer was that of the cervix which constituted 11.5% (n=19). Skin (excluding melanoma), gastrointestinal, head and neck and melanoma constituted 8.0%, 6.6%, 6.0% and 4.2% respectively. Only 1 case of childhood cancer (endodermal sinus tumour) was seen in an 18 months old child while cancers in teenage age group (1319 years) constituted 3% (n=5); there were 2 squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, 1 each for Hodgkin’s lymphoma, osteosarcoma and a retinoblastoma. Conclusion: The pattern of cancers in this rural population is similar to findings in other parts of the country. Women have the highest burden but a lower mean age of cancers in this study. Breast, prostate and cervical cancers were the 3 commonest cancers constituting 48% of the cancer burden. There is the need for strategic preventive measures, including the establishment of an oncology unit, to reduce the burden of cancers in this community.

Pattern of Cancers at a Rural Referral Centre in North-Eastern Nigeria