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Settlement processes and spatial appropriationin the Central Hunza Valley. Cultural-geographical remarksfor the "Hunza-Karakorum 1:100 000" mapAlthough some of the scientific results of the 1950s expeditionsto the Northwest-Karakoram have been utilized fordifferent research purposes only now the topographic mapof the area under study has been published. As a commentaryfrom a cultural-geographical perspective some remarksare presented which emphasize on the historical developmentof present-day villages. The evolution of original settlementsand subsequent off-branchings are presented. Withknowledge about lineage group composition and origin ofwater works as well as with evidence from colonial reportsand travelogues the settlement history of the former semiautonomousprincipalities of Hunza and Nager is reconstructed.Investigations into the population structure are based onlinguistic and denominational criteria and help to understandthe separate developments taking part in Hunza and Nager.Three settlement regions could be distinguished in altitudinalsequence along the Hunza River. Basically they correlatewith the habitats of three dominant linguistic groups. Settlementhistory underlines that the Hunza River has acted asa border between Hunza and Nager and has furnished aprominent regional boundary without permitting much transgressionof intra-montane migrants. Nevertheless settlementprocesses feature many similarities in both valley societies.Prior to colonial penetration villages were founded as fortifiedhabitations, a phenomenon which has vanished afterwards.After 1891 new settlements are located within thevillage lands as small and comparatively open hamlets thusreducing the distance between homestead and agriculturalfields. Internal meliorisation continues as a result of the furtherestablishment of irrigated oases, but at the same timeout-migration down the valley commences. Since the first halfof the 20th century enclaves of Hunza and Nager migrantsare situated in the vicinity of and within Gilgit Town, theadministrative centre of the Northern Areas of Pakistan.After independence only a few new villages have beenfounded, but existing villages have expanded their cultivatedareas and their irrigation networks. The agricultural resourcepotential of villages as it is composed of terraces for graincrops, orchards with fruit trees and irrigated meadows augmentedby livestock-keeping and the seasonal utilization ofhigh pastures has undergone a significant transformationin recent years. The case of Karimabad in the 1990s is discussedin greater detail and shows how external incomesderived from migrant labour and tourism affect the localeconomy and especially the significance of mountain agriculture

Siedlungsprozesse und territoriale Aneignung im zentralen Hunza-Tal. Kulturgeographische Anmerkungen zur Karte Hunza-Karakorum 1 : 100000