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Summary: Phytolacca tetramera Hauman “ombusillo” is an endemism of southeastern Buenos Aires province (Argentina). This species has fungicidal action against opportunistic pathogens of humans. In order to search natural alternatives for the control of diseases in plants caused by fungi, the objective was to evaluate the effects of aqueous and alcohol extracts of P. tetramera leaves on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc. This fungus has a wide distributionin different species with agricultural, forestry, and ornamental value. The antifungal activity of aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts was assessed in vitro against fungi. The fungus was subjected to two types of extracts already incorporated into the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium at 5-50% concentrations. The aqueous extract concentrations within the range 15-30% led to a decrease in the average diameter and speed of mycelium growth, while the range of 15-40% was the most effective in relation to a decrease in conidial production. Also, leaf alcohol extract inhibited the conidial production at concentrations of 5%, and had fungicidal action at concentrations of 15%. From “ombusillo” leaves a foam index of 250 was obtained. This high concentration of saponins would be at least one cause of the antifungal activity. Key words: Antifungal activity in vitro, biological control, “ombusillo”, Phytolaccaceae, saponins. Resumen: Efecto de los extractos acuoso y alcoholico de la hoja de Phytolacca tetramera (Phytolaccaceae) sobre Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Ascomycota). Phytolacca tetramera Hauman “ombusillo” es un endemismo del sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Esta especie presenta accion fungicida contra patogenos oportunistas de humanos. Con el proposito de buscar alternativas naturales para el control de enfermedades en los vegetales, se planteo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de los extractos foliares acuoso y alcoholico de P. tetramera sobre el desarrollo del hongo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., el cual tiene amplia distribucion en especies de importancia agricola, forestal y ornamental. El ensayo se realizo in vitro. El hongo fue cultivado en agar papa glucosado (APG), con aplicacion del extracto en concentraciones del 5-50%. Las concentraciones del extracto acuoso del 15-30% produjeron una disminucion del diametro y velocidad media de crecimiento del micelio, mientras que las concentraciones del 15-40% fueron las mas efectivas en el control de produccion de conidios. El extracto alcoholico inhibio la produccion de conidios con el 5% de concentracion y con el 15% resulto fungicida. A partir de las hojas de “ombusillo” se obtuvo un indice de espuma de 250. Esta alta concentracion de saponinas hace suponer que seria, al menos, una de las causas de la actividad antifungica. Palabras clave: Actividad antifungica in vitro, control biologico, “ombusillo”, Phytolaccaceae, saponinas

boletín de la sociedad argentina de botánica

Effect of aqueous and alcohol extracts of Phytolacca tetramera (Phytolaccaceae) leaves on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Ascomycota) Efecto de los extractos acuoso y alcohólico de la hoja de Phytolacca tetramera (Phytolaccaceae) sobre Colletotrichum...