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In this article, we develop the hypothesis that three conjunctures established and defined the principles and limits of the “pact of reciprocity” (Platt 1982) in the Gobernacion del Tucuman, allowing the creation and consolidation of land rights of the pueblos de indios (Indian towns) in the jurisdiction of Cordoba. First, the Visita (inspection) of the Oidor Alfaro in 1611 and his Ordinances of 1612. Second, the inspection of Lujan de Vargas in 1692-1694, and third, the Bourbon revisitas in the late eighteenth century. Given this general framework, we will focus on two of those conjunctures: the visita of Lujan de Vargas and the Bourbon revisitas, with the purpose of identifying the Indians peoples who manage to obtain or consolidate land rights. We will take as analysis axes the relationship of Indian peoples with land rights, payment of tribute, development of the encomienda in this region, persistence of ethnic authorities, and intervention of colonial power. We will also propose explanatory lines of the survival of the Indian town in Republican times.

Los pueblos de indios de Córdoba del Tucumán y el pacto colonial (Siglos XVII a XIX)