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En poblaciones vivas, los camelidos silvestres sudamericanos son sexados a partir de la observacion de su conducta social y reproductiva. Por lo general, tanto biologos como arqueologos asumen la ausencia de caracteres morfologicos que evidencien un dimorfismo sexual marcado entre individuos adultos de guanaco (Lama guanicoe). Los principales estudios que evaluan las diferencias osteologicas entre machos y hembras en esta especie estan basados en analisis de variables morfometricas craneanas y en caracteres morfologicos de la pelvis. En este trabajo se evalua la existencia y magnitud de variables osteometricas poscraneales de diferenciacion sexual en una poblacion moderna de guanacos procedente de la localidad Cinco Chanares, Provincia de Rio Negro, Argentina. Se estudiaron 32 individuos (8 machos y 24 hembras) de mas de 30 meses en los que se midieron 51 hemipelvis, 40 humeros, 39 radioulnas, 40 femures y 41 tibias. Los resultados mostraron que las principales diferencias osteologicas, vinculadas con el dimorfismo sexual, se relacionan con variaciones en el tamano y la forma de la pelvis. En los huesos largos, las diferencias osteometricas significativas se registraron solo en variables aisladas y no se pudieron definir diferencias osteometricas asociadas con el dimorfismo sexual. Igualmente se considera que esto debera ser reevaluado con mayor profundidad considerando una muestra mayor de individuos machos. Palabras clave: guanaco, dimorfismo sexual, morfometria, pelvis, huesos largos Abstract In wild-living populations adult camelids are mainly sexed by observing their social and reproductive behavior, and on occasion, their genitalia. Both biologists and archaeologists usually assume the absence of clearly identifiable sexually dimorphic somatic and postcranial traits among adult guanaco (Lama guanicoe) specimens. The principal studies that evaluate the osteological differences between sexes in this species, had been carried out using qualitative morphological traits of the pelvis and morphometric traits of the skull. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to contribute to the development of methodological tools aimed to accurately discriminate between sexes using morphometric techniques. In addition, we assess in this paper the existence and magnitude of the postcranial sex-related morphometric differences in a sample of modern guanaco specimens from Cinco Chanares, Rio Negro, Argentina. The sample was composed by 32 individuals (8 males and 24 females) older than 30 month at the age of death. Fifty one hemipelvis, 40 humeri, 39 radioulnae, 40 femora, and 41 tibiae were measured. The obtained results show that the main morphometric differences between sexes are related to size and shape variation in the whole pelvis and acetabulum. In the appendicular skeleton no statistically significant differences between sexes were found, but this ought to be reevaluated increasing sample sizes of male specimens. Keywords: guanaco, sexual dimorphism, morphometry, pelvis, long bones

El dimorfismo sexual en guanacos (Lama guanicoe). Una evaluación osteométrica de elementos poscraneales