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Mammalian limbs show little regeneration potency. Mouse and human limbs regenerate only finger tips. However, some Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) stimulate the formation of a new radius and ulna on amputated distal elements of neonatal mouse forearms. In this article, we describe the formation of more distal bone elements, carpi and metacarpi-like structures, other than the radius and ulna, after forearm amputation and BMP-7 and hedgehog agonist (Hh-Ag 1.8) treatment. However, since skin and soft connective tissues at the hand level remained in the stumps in these experiments, the small bones may be formed from these hand tissues by BMP and Hh-Ag. Thus, amputation was carried out at the proximal level of the wrist. With BMP and Hh-Ag treatment, the distal ends of the radius and ulna showed bifurcated and segmented bone structures. These results suggest the formation of distal bone elements, carpi and metacarpi, from forearm tissues.

Formation of Distal Bone Elements in Amputated Neonatal Mouse Forelimbs