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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L., 2n=26) is the most ancient oilseed crop known and used by man [1]. It is the most important oilseed crop in Ethiopia. Sesame belongs to the Pedaliaceae family, which is adapted to hot areas [1] (Thakur, 1975). It is annual plant with broad leaves 2.5-5cm long, white, bell shaped inflorescence, with seeds of white, yellow, brown or black color [2]. It has a nickname ‘Queen of oil seeds’ due to its high quality polyunsaturated stable fatty acid. The stability of its oil is related to the polyunsaturated fatty acids reducing oxidative rancidity [1] (Balasubramanian & Palaniappal, 2011) and the presence of natural antioxidants sesamol and sesamolinol [3]. Sesame is produced as a cash crop. It can be used for home consumption, but in addition to its oil for food, its byproduct oil cake, is an important animal feed. In Ethiopia, farmers used to burn the stalk after threshing, recently it is becoming an important raw material for different industrial purposes. Sudan is the major sesame producer in Africa followed by Nigeria, Somalia, Uganda and Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, sesame is very expensive, especially, due to its demand as a cash crop, for food and animal feed when compared with other oil crops. Sesame, sunflower, safflower, linseed and Niger seed are the most common oilseed crops in Ethiopia. Sesame is the second most agricultural export commodity in Ethiopia, next to coffee in annual export earning contributing about 14% of the total world export (Monitor Group 2012). Due to the increase in price, production of sesame is increasing in Ethiopia. Ethiopia’s export share 1.5% in volume and 1.9% in value to the World market in 1997, had grown to 8.9% and 8.3% in 2004 respectively [4]. The total sesame production cultivated area and productivity in Ethiopia during 2012 was 337,505 ha, 44,783tons and 0.73ton/ha respectively (FAOSTAT, 2013).

Performance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Under Different Supplementary Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels in Humera, Northern Ethiopia