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Brine shrimps or Artemia is a phylogenetically old genus of aquatic crustaceans contains of sibling species and super species defined by the criterion of reproductive isolation. The species inventory of the genus is disputed but according to Asem et al. [1] it consists of Artemia salina, A. monica, A. urmiana, A. franciscana, A. sinica, A. tibetiana and parthenogenetic populations called A. parthenogenetica. Brine shrimps can tolerate saline (2.5%) to hypersaline (25%) waters with an optimum range of 6 -10% salinity and occur world-wide in inland salt waters and thus, occupy ecological niches that protect them from predators such as fish. Under normal conditions female brine shrimps are ovo-viviparous and naupilus larvae usually hatch immediately after placement of eggs while unfavorable conditions (low oxygen, rising temperatures, desiccation of pools) led to the production of floating, thick shelled, metabolically inactive brown cysts that can survive for up to two years in dry conditions and hatch when hydrated under optimal conditions [2]. Naupuli of brine shrimps are among the most widely used live diet in the larviculture of fish and shellfish and over 2000 metric tons of dry Artemia cysts are marked world-wide [3]. Brine shrimps are also a major compound in the diet of flamingos and a number of waders occurring in subsequent habitats and during evolution a relationship between these birds, their cestodes and brine shrimps acting as intermediate hosts has been established. Cestodes using brine shrimps as intermediate hosts

The Role of Artemia spp(Branchiopoda: Artemiidae) as Intermediate Hosts for Avian Cestodes