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The ever increasing and sophisticated means of crime demands a more advanced and fast means of detection, investigation and reconstruction of events in order to apprehend perpetrators of such acts or establish a commission of a crime. Forensic science, since its inception, has been crucial in this role in most criminal investigations attesting crime commission, establishing identity and corroborating testimonies and providing facts in relation to the occurrence of a crime. (Fisher, 2004). Notwithstanding the massive improvement over the years, new technologies and fields in forensics are further advancing crime investigations. Forensic science’s extensive ambit has incorporated new techniques from the natural sciences to obtain criminal or other evidence of legal importance (Srividya, 2016), one of which is Nanotechnology. Nanotechnology involves the managing of matter to produce materials of various types at nanoscale level. It deals with materials and structures that have at least one-dimension size ranging from 1 to 100 nm. The importance of these materials to researchers is that their smaller size can have an influence on substances physio-chemical properties (Khan et al., 2017). Nanoparticles, products from nanotechnology, has been extensively used in areas such as gas sensing (Mansha et al., 2016); herbal and nutraceuticals (Gopi et al., 2016); medicine; diagnostics and vaccinations (Shaalan et al., 2016); advanced drug delivery (Safari and Zarnegar, 2014) and later in various aspects of the field of forensic sciences. Knowledge and applications from nanotechnology have resulted in the new discipline or subspecialty in forensics known as Nano-forensics, which has adapted techniques from nanotechnology in helping to improve upon investigations. This novel field is connected with the expansion of nanotechnical methods Abstract Due to the unique properties of nanoparticles, it has gained prominence in lots of fields with extensive research being carried around it. With lots of novel applications arising from this field, Forensic science seems to be one of the fast-growing fields in nano research applications. The growing and extensive use of nanotechnology being applied in forensic investigations is promising and could soon be the tipping point in the discipline. Applications mainly have been related to evidence identification and analysis in the broad major fields in Forensic Science such as single-crystalline semiconductor CdS nano slabs for explosives detection, functionalized TiO2 nanorods for organophosphorus chemical warfare agents in Forensic Chemistry, the use of Nanopowders for latent print visualization in Forensic physics and Gold nanoparticle protein nanopore for detection of singlestranded DNA in Forensic biology. Nanotechnology has also been employed in illegal drug detection in recent times. These and other applications of Nanotechnology provides prompt and precise results with reduced methods due to the limited instruments used for analyzing evidence as well as providing sensitive and selective ways of detecting evidence. As evidence is notable in forensic investigations, nanotechnology’s use in identifying and detecting these has potential in enhancing and providing efficient and rapid means for investigations and unravelling leads into crimes. This review emphasizes some disciplines in forensic sciences in which nanotechnology is having an impact, novel methods and newly developed instruments and also takes into account its challenges as well as perspectives into the future.

A review on the role of emerging revolutionary nanotechnology in forensic investigations