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Bihar is the agriculturally based state, which is typically based on the cultivation of various types of Kharif and Rabi crops. For a better yield of crops, pesticides are widely used by the farmers. In recent times, fish farming in the state has attracted a lot of farmers. These fishes are cultivated near the agricultural land in the aquatic bodies. The aquatic bodies such as rivers, ponds also receive lots of agricultural runoff water which contains pesticides. These pesticides in higher concentrations are causing toxicity in the water fauna of the ponds, especially the fishes. Humans have been consuming these fishes due to its high nutritious value. The fishes through biomagnification of the pesticides are causing health hazards to humans. The organochlorine pesticides are more toxic than organophosphates. Synthetic pyrethroids have been known as safe and environmentally friendly due to their mild toxicity to insects, mammals and birds, and they are reported highly toxic to a number of other non-target organisms especially aquatic organisms including fishes. Fenvalerate pesticide is capable of existing together in harmony with several other pesticide group and chemicals used to modify plant growth and plant micronutrients (Tomlin, 1995; Elbert et al., 2005; Bretschneider et al., 2007, Caglayan et al.,2016). It causes very least impact on the mammalians but possesses very high insecticidal activity. Fenvalerate is a known neurotoxic pesticide which disrupts the sodium channels of neurons of insects followed by damaging the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors and ATPase pathways (Narahasi, 1983; Cole et al., 1984; Clark and Matsumura, 1982; MatsuAbstract Pesticide use in recent times has increased many folds to enhance the yield of crops. The water bodies like ponds and others are extensively used for the cultivation of fishes. Since these fishes are a good source of protein and nutritious value, hence are consumed by humans. These pesticide-contaminated fishes are consumed by the human, causing health hazards. The objective of the present research work was to know the bio remedial effect of Azadirachta indica on fenvalerate induced toxicity in a freshwater air-breathing catfish "Mangur" known as Clarias batrachus ( Linnaeus). The fishes were treated with 1/3 of LC50, i.e. 0.92 ppm of a pyrethroid pesticide fenvalerate and observed the fishes for 96 hours. Thereafter, the aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica was administered orally, daily by gastric intubation method at the dose of 100 mg/Kg body weight per day for 15 days. The study revealed that, after the exposure of 0.92 ppm of fenvalerate, there was a significant decrease in RBC count from 2.76 to 2.14 X (10 6 ) (mm -3 ), Total leukocyte count from18.10 to 16.30 X (10 3 ) (mm -3 ), , packed ell volume from 24 % to 16% , haemoglobin from 6.89 g/100 ml to 4.23 g/100ml of blood whereas increase in the level of serum glucose and cholesterol level from 50.33 mg/dl to 103.73 mg/dl and 168.52 g/dl to 248.99 g/dl respectively. At the same time, serum protein level decreased from 3.16g/dl to2.52 g/dl due to pesticide in the experimental fishes. But, after the administration of aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica there was significant normalisation in the test parameters of the fishes. The study indicated that neem leaves possessed restorative effect against fenvalerate induced toxicity in Clarias batrachus.

Restorative effect of Azadirachta indica against fenvalerate induced haematological and biochemical toxicity in a freshwater fish Clarias batrachus