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Water, a significant input of agriculture, is becoming a scarce resource and limiting the development of agricultural households. India is the largest user of groundwater in the world using 260cubic km per year, i.e. 25% of all groundwater extracted globally, ahead of China and the USA. Out of the total net annual groundwater availability, 90% is used in irrigation while the rest 10% used for the domestic and industrial purpose (Government of India, 2019). The net irrigated area in India increased from 12.46 Mha in 1960-1961 to 26.50 Mha in 2014-2015. The net area irrigated under groundwater increased from 32.6% of net irrigated area in 1960 to 62.82% in 2015 (Government of India, 2018). This indicates the increasing demand for water in agriculture which can be met by increasing the irrigation efficiency at farm level. An effective way to increase water use efficiency in agriculture is adopting micro-irrigation technologies like drip and sprinkler irrigation. In the drip method of irrigation, water losses occurring through evaporation and distribution are completely absent as it delivers water directly to the root zone of the crop (INCID, 1994: Narayanamoorthy, 1996). The other benefits of using MIS were increased water use efficiency (50% to 90%) due to reduction in conveyance losses, reduced energy utilization (30.50%) and saves fertilizer consumption by 28.50%, increased productivity of crops and fruits by 42.40% and 52.70% respectively (IAI et al., 2016). The productivity of green chillies increased by 52.45% with drip irrigation, where the cost of cultivation was reduced by 29.14% and net profit increased by 142.15% (Narayanamoorthy et al., 2016). Sprinkler method of irrigation significantly improved crop yield (21%), water productivity (34%), increased technical efficiency (20%) and saved water use (15%) and energy utilization (8%) in Bundelkhand Abstract Considerable attention has been given to micro-irrigation technologies by policymakers to help farmers in overcoming water scarcity problems. In this paper, the potential impacts of MIS on farmers’ livelihood and economic viability of using drip in banana cultivation were analyzed using discounted cash flow techniques. The study focused on small and marginal farmers of Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu as they were provided with 100% subsidy. Adoption of MIS increased the total cropped area (6.54%), extended area under irrigation (6.55%), increased cropping intensity (69.19%) and irrigation intensity (70.95%). Investment on drip irrigation system by farmers were found financially feasible (NPV Rs.43,851.16, BCR 1.42 and IRR 30.88%). The study also brought out the constraints faced by farmers in the adoption of MIS such as lack of technical support, the inefficiency of the system with poor quality water and damage caused by animals. The research work would be helpful in understanding the advantages of using MIS by small and marginal farmers and problems encountered by them in adoption even though the investment was economically viable.

Socio-economic impacts of the adoption of MIS (Micro-irrigation system) among small and marginal farmers of Coimbatore district, India