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This paper deals with the specificities of Russia’s policy of censorship conducted in the Northwest Province by the Vilnius Censorship Committee between 1831 and 1865. In the general context of the Province an attempt is made to give answers to the questions: (1) by whom and in what way the attitudes of the censors of Vilnius were regulated with respect to the Lithuanian and Polish press ‘under local conditions’ and (2) what requirements of the Censorship Committee were caused ‘by local conditions’ and by the implementation of Russia’s policy in the Northwest Province. The study is based on official documents, censorial lawsuits, and the censored manuscripts. It is maintained that the opinion and initiative of the governor general of Vilnius were crucial in formulating the ‘local’ policy of censoring. The principal aim of the censorial activity was to ensure the integrity of the Russian Empire by preventing the spread of disintegrational anti-Russian ideas and those of propagating the independence of Poland and ‘Polish patriotism’. Attempts were also made to weaken the influence of the Catholic Church, in particular among the peasantry and to create conditions favouring both religious tolerance and the dissemination of Orthodoxy.

Censorship in Lithuania: A Tool of Russian Policy; 1831–1865