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This paper will discuss the disintegration of the Democratic Eastern Federation and the demise of its leaders and supporters. Its leader, Panayiotis Panas, the Kephalonian Scholar and main translator of The Poems of Ossian republished ‘Darthula’ in September 1885 and ‘Lathmon’ in 1890 as well as ‘The Death of Cuchullin’ in 1887 together with ‘Minvane’ in 1890. Are these poems relevant to historical events of the time and do they show similarities between the magnanimity of the Celtic heroes and those who tried to bring peace and harmony through the Democratic Eastern Federation? In 1885, ‘Darthula’ was published when disunity began in the Balkans and was a call for unity and a reminder of the sacrifice made by republicans in the Cycladic Revolution (1862), when the Bavarian king abdicated. Under the Treaty of Berlin (1878) offspring of the German, Russian and English monarchy ruled in a part of Bulgaria, Rumania and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Greece was governed by Anglo-Danish monarchy. War broke out when Serbs were offended by Bulgaria’s attempt to enlarge its territory under command of its new monarch. Under threat of another blockade by England, Greece was warned not to assist the Serbs. The translation of the ‘Death of Cuchullin’ by Panas is prophetic. It represents both the death of any unity in the area and the demise of its supporters of the association. ‘Lathmon’ and ‘Minvane’ are laments for the suicide of its leaders in 1890 and of Panas himself in 1896. This paper will also discuss the repercussions in the Twentieth Century created by the failure of the DEF resulting in huge catastrophes in the Balkans, Western Europe and Anatolia which would certainly have been avoided had it come to fruition.

The Disintegration of the Democratic Eastern Federation and the Demise of its Supporters 1885-1896 and the Poems of Ossian