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South Sinai is an Egyptian governorate lying in Sinai Peninsula at hyper arid zone. It's unique being desert with distant areas and different ethnic origin of inhabitants. Anemia is one of the most important nutritional deficiencies affecting various social and socioeconomic strata. It's more common in developing countries with children and adolescents being at a significantly higher risk for the condition. Aim: To assess prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in South Sinai children and evaluate reliability of pin prick testing in anemia screening. Subjects and methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted for children attending schools and nurseries living at 6 districts in South Sinai through multistage random sampling. 1,828 children of both genders were selected. Their mean age was 10.6±3.1 years. Data about age, gender, ethnic origin and consanguinity were collected. Weight and height were measured. Hemoglobin was assessed through pinprick blood sample using standard technique. Complete Blood Count was done for 349 children. In last stage 100 children were selected to measure serum ferritin and transferrin. Results: Pinprick screening of 1,828 children showed that 37.7% of children had mild to moderate degrees of anemia. There was significant difference between examined districts (p<0.0001). Anemia was less prevalent among children aging 10-<15 years, in children with history of parental consanguinity and in children with Bedouin origin (p<0.01). Gender had no effect on anemia rates. Severe anemia was present only in 3 children, they were thalassemic. Blood counting confirmed pinprick results and showed that 61.5% of anemic had microcytic hypochromic RBCs. Median serum ferritin was below normal (12.5μg/dl). Depleted iron stores were present in 53% of examined children. Depletion was more in females (p<0.05). Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is a health problem among South Sinai children. Screening program is needed. Pinprick hemoglobin testing is simple, cheap and satisfactory.

Screening for Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children Living at South Sinai, Egypt