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Electrically and ionically conducting graphite powder beds interposed between the anode and cathode inside an electrolytic setup are used as intermediate bipolar electrodes. The beds cause electric field discontinuity by eliminating the applied electric field locally within their m ass and act as electrostatically shielded zonesion and ionic current sinks and thus ion concentrating compartments, whereas the adjacent compartments becomeion depleting compartments. The ion sinks wereimplemented in a coupled electrostatic shielding electrodialysis/electrodeionization process to remove ammonium nitrate from fertilizer plant wastewaters. The batch wise operated electrostatic shielding electrodialysis of a solution containing 1310 mg L -1 ammonium nitrate produced in 28 minat a currentdensity of 15-30 A m -2 a concentrateammonium nitrate solution which could be recycled to the fertilizer plant unit and a diluate containing50 mg L -1 ammonium nitrate.The diluate was subsequently used as feed in the electrostatic shielding electrodeionization process to produce pure water of a NH 4 + and NO 3 - ion concentration of less than 1 mg L -1 respectively with a flow rate of 5.51x10 -4 dm 3 s -1 and a current density of 50 A m -2 .

Ammonia removal from fertilizer plant effluents by a coupled electrostatic shielding based electrodialysis / electrodeionization process