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A field study on the impact of fireplace on the indoor air quality was carried out between 2004&#x0D;and 2006, where two main contaminants, CO and particulate matters, were investigated in&#x0D;twenty seven randomly selected Irish houses. The results show that while the physical&#x0D;environment has been improved by increasing the room air and radiant temperature, indoor&#x0D;air quality is significantly decreased when fireplace is used as additional heating source to the&#x0D;central heating. The operation of fireplace increased transient concentrations of CO and&#x0D;airborne particle to several times higher than the normal house average level. Statistical&#x0D;analysis showed significant difference of the average PM10 concentration between house&#x0D;groups with and without using fireplace. However fireplace did not demonstrate a significant&#x0D;influence on average CO level from our samples. When comparisons were made between&#x0D;houses with various emission sources, i.e. fireplace, smoking and open fire gas cooking, and&#x0D;houses free of the above sources, smoking and open fire gas cookers were proved to be&#x0D;other major sources of particles and CO. Particularly when they exist at the same time with&#x0D;fireplace, significant elevation of CO and airborne particle levels is observed in analysis.&#x0D;Cumulative probability analysis in some houses revealed high percentage of time exceeding&#x0D;health guidelines which indicated the potential health risk in these houses. Mass balance&#x0D;equation was employed to estimate particle emission rates from fireplace, namely 0.66 mg&#x0D;min-1 (PM10) and 0.20 mg min-1 (PM2.5) respectively in terms of mass concentration.&#x0D;Emission rates on particle numbers were also estimated despite the relatively smaller sample.&#x0D;Gas fuel fireplaces tended to emit fewer particles both in mass and in number comparing to&#x0D;fireplaces using solid fuels.

Emissions from Irish domestic fireplaces and their impact on indoor air quality when used as supplementary heating source