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A survey was conducted in order to evaluate the levels of available (DTPA extractable) Cd in&#x0D;salt affected and normal soils of Halastra−Kalohori area, located in N. Greece. In this area,&#x0D;phosphogypsum (PG) (a byproduct of P fertilizer industry, occasionally enriched with Cd) has&#x0D;been used as amendment for the salt affected soils, for at least 20 years until 2000. The area&#x0D;is about 6300 ha, and 4500 ha were cultivated with rice. Soil samples were collected from 632&#x0D;points and four depths (0−25, 25−50, 50−75, 75−100 cm), during 2003 and 2004. All soil&#x0D;samples were analyzed for particle size distribution, pH in the paste, electrical conductivity of&#x0D;the saturation extract (ECe), water soluble Na, Ca and Mg, cation exchange capacity (CEC)&#x0D;and exchangeable Na. The sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium&#x0D;percentage (ESP) were calculated. The 632 soils were characterized as salt affected (saline,&#x0D;saline−sodic, sodic) or normal, using the values of EC, SAR and ESP, and pH. In addition, the&#x0D;soil samples collected from the 0−25 and 25−50 cm depths were analyzed for DTPA&#x0D;extractable Cd and Olsen P. All soils were alkaline in reaction. In most of the cases,&#x0D;concentrations of DTPA extractable Cd in the 0−25 cm depth were higher than in the 25−50&#x0D;cm depth and the mean values differed significantly (p &lt; 0.001). For both depths,&#x0D;concentrations of DTPA extractable Cd were higher for salt affected than normal soils and the&#x0D;mean values within each depth differed significantly (p &lt; 0.001). This could be attributed to&#x0D;the use of PG as soil amendment. In addition, a significant and positive relationship was&#x0D;obtained for DTPA extractable Cd and ECe (r = 0.31, p &lt; 0.001). However, DTPA extractable&#x0D;Cd ranged at levels similar or lower to those reported in the literature for cultivated soils with&#x0D;high P fertilization, in almost all cases. This is something to be expected since 80 % of all&#x0D;soils were sufficient or over−fertilized with P (Olsen P &gt; 15 mg kg−1). A significant and positive&#x0D;relationship, obtained for DTPA extractable Cd and Olsen P (r = 0.47, p &lt; 0.001), supported&#x0D;the conclusion that the source of DTPA extractable Cd could also be traced to the long−term&#x0D;P fertilization. Concentrations of DTPA extractable Cd were significantly (p &lt; 0.001) correlated&#x0D;with certain soil properties that affect Cd availability to plants, such as pH (r = −0.26), clay&#x0D;content (r = 0.22) and CEC (r = 0.26).

Available Cd content of salt-affected and normal soils of Halastra-Kalohori area