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The Gulf of Astakos is a very important embayment of the Ionian Sea, as it offers an ideal environment&#x0D;for extensive aquacultures with tourism, agriculture and commercial activities. In view of the need for&#x0D;sustainable development of the region, the state of the gulf's quality was assessed on the basis of determinations&#x0D;of nutrients (NO3&#x0D;-, NO2&#x0D;-, PO4&#x0D;3-, SiO4&#x0D;4-, and NH4&#x0D;+) and trace metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni and&#x0D;Zn) along with physicochemical parameters in the seawater. The samples were collected in three sampling&#x0D;cruises during February 2000, May 2000 and July 2000 from ten sampling stations.&#x0D;Nutrients were determined by standard colorimetric methods UV-Vis, using a Varian spectrophotometer.&#x0D;Dissolved metals were pre-concentrated using Chelex-100 resin. Particulate metals were&#x0D;digested following a hot plate digestion in teflon bombs. Metal concentrations were determined by&#x0D;Flame or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption techniques with a Varian spectrometer equipped with&#x0D;Zeeman background correction according to the concentration levels.&#x0D;Seasonal fluctuations were recorded in both nutrient and metal concentrations presenting proportional&#x0D;fluctuations with those of the marine euphotic zones. The reduction of concentrations can be attributed&#x0D;to the low rainfall seasonal height, the reduced flow of the streams and in the bioaccumulation&#x0D;and consumption from the phytoplankton cells that bloomed during spring and early summer.

Nutrient and trace metal distribution in the Gulf of Astakos, Aetoloakarnania, Greece