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This work results from a combination of sedimentological, palaeocological and archaeological data, made available due to special meteo-marine conditions that removed sand from the beach of Rio de Moinhos, exhuming older sedimentary deposits and bringing into evidence a huge amount of archaeological remains – Prehistoric and Roman (the latter not considered here). In this paper the relationship between the palaeoenvironments and the contemporary human evidence is analysed. The time interval considered in this study goes from 5590±80 yr BP (4614-4319 cal BC 2) to 3550±30 yr BP (2007-1772 cal BC 2) and encompasses a succession of environments comprising an Alnus forest, a wetland, a brackish lagoon and a fresh water lake, showing a progressively finer and more organic sequence, and higher infilling rates. Initially, in the wetland phase, there are no certain traces of human activity in the pollen content, but from around 4860±30 yr BP (3703-3539 cal BC 2) cereal cultivation and agriculture are detected. Later on indications of grazing also appear. However, human presence is well documented by a lithic assemblage dated from the interval between 5590±80 y BP (4614-4319 cal BC 2) and 4680±30 yr BP (3622-3370 cal BC 2). Another lithic industry predates 5590±80 yr BP, being therefore prior to the Alnus forest. Apparently, it documents the earliest evidence of human presence at the site. Keywords: Mid-Holocene; lagoon environment; Palynology; lithic assemblages; Rio de Moinhos beach. Mudancas ambientais e ocupacao humana durante o Holocenico medio na Praia de Rio de Moinhos (Esposende, Norte de Portugal) Este texto resulta da combinacao de dados sedimentologicos, paleoecologicos e arqueologicos obtidos na sequencia de condicoes meteorologicas e marinhas particulares, que provocaram a remocao de areia da praia de Rio de Moinhos, expondo depositos sedimentares antigos e inumeros vestigios arqueologicos – Pre-historicos e Romanos (estes ultimos nao considerados neste trabalho). Nele sao analisadas as relacoes entre os paleoambientes e as evidencias da presenca humana no local. O intervalo temporal considerado esta balizado entre 5590±80 yr BP (4614-4319 cal BC 2) e 3550±30 yr BP (2007-1772 cal BC 2), periodo durante o qual ocorreu uma sucessao de ambientes que compreendem uma floresta de Alnus, uma zona humida pantanosa, uma lagoa de agua salobra e um lago de agua doce, revelando uma sequencia sedimentar progressivamente mais fina e orgânica, com taxas de acrecao cada vez mais elevadas. Inicialmente, durante a fase pantanosa, o registo polinico nao revela vestigios claros de actividade humana; a partir de 4860±30 yr BP (3703-3539 cal BC 2) a agricultura, nomeadamente a cerealifera, passa a estar bem documentada. Um pouco mais tarde aparecem igualmente indicadores da pratica do pastoreio. Todavia, a presenca humana no local esta confirmada por uma industria litica datada do intervalo entre 5590±80 yr BP (4614-4319 cal BC 2) e 4680±30 yr BP (3622-3370 cal BC 2). Um segundo conjunto litico e anterior a 5590±80 yr BP, ou seja, anterior ao desenvolvimento da floresta de Alnus. Ao que tudo indica, este conjunto testemunha os vestigios humanos mais antigos conhecidos neste sitio arqueologico. Palavras-chave: Holocenico medio; ambiente lagunar; Palinologia; industrias liticas; Praia de Rio de Moinhos.

Changing environments and Human settlement during Mid-Holocene in Rio de Moinhos Beach (Esposende, Northern Portugal)